Abstract: Currently, the topic of evaluating “effectiveness” remains the subject of active discussions, due to the variety of approaches to interpreting this concept. In the context of increasing attention to the principles of sustainable development, efficiency can no longer be considered solely as an economic indicator based on a comparison of financial income and costs. To evaluate projects in the field of greening, it is necessary to include additional criteria, which often take priority. These indicators include the nature of resource potential use, material and energy intensity, anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, as well as potential environmental risks and social effects.

Keywords: methodology, sustainable development, efficiency assessment, energy intensity, carbon intensity.

For citation: Zakondyrin A.E. Methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of greening industries // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 9–20.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of one of the most important economic categories — the cost of production, which is of great importance for the mineral resource complex and the national economy of Russia. The economic content of the cost of production, the concept of costs and expenses in regulatory documents, and their meaningful differences are disclosed. The role of cost in determining the reliable financial result of enterprises' activities and a step-by-step algorithm for generating financial results are shown. The content of the cost calculation methods currently in force at enterprises is described, their comparative analysis is performed, advantages and disadvantages are identified, and the possibilities of their application at enterprises of the mineral resource complex are determined. The interrelation of cost with demand, competitiveness of products and pricing for products of basic sectors of the economy is shown. The factors of cost reduction and the role of innovative technologies are analyzed; examples of such solutions for enterprises of the mineral resource complex are given. The main methods of reducing current costs are presented, indicating the optimal cases of their use.

Keywords: cost, technologies, innovations, production resources, mineral resource complex, material costs, competitiveness, profitability, volume of production, products, investments.

For citation: Chernegov N.Y., Popova E.A., Popov S.M. Methods of formation and reduction of production costs of enterprises of the mineral resource complex of Russia // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 21–34.

Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of the assessment of the environmental effectiveness of investment projects in the Arctic region. In the context of global climate change and investment activity in the Arctic, special attention is paid to methodological approaches to assessing environmental factors. Regulatory aspects in Russia are considered, as well as methodological approaches to assessing the environmental component of new and ongoing investment projects that correspond to the specifics of the region. The article focuses on the need to integrate environmental indicators into the system of evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects. The format of the task statement for further study focuses on the selection of criteria and units of effectiveness, as well as comprehensive work on methodological approaches to the environmental component in the overall assessment of the effectiveness of investment projects in the Arctic.

Keywords: Arctic, ecology, efficiency assessment, development projects, methodological approaches, development strategy.

For citation: Smirnova O.O. The environmental component of assessing the effectiveness of investment projects in the Arctic // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 35–46.

Abstract: The need to update the Rules for the Operation of Gas Purification Plants approved by Order No. 498 of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation dated September 15, 2017 is due not only to the expiration date of September 1, 2025, but also to the fact that their current version does not take into account changes in legislation that have occurred in the field of environmental protection and technical regulation since their approval. Based on the analysis of foreign experience and established law enforcement practice, taking into account the opinions of specialists from leading enterprises and design institutes, the staff of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNII Ekologiya summarized the comments on the current Rules for the operation of gas purification plants and developed recommendations for their updating.

Keywords: atmospheric air, pollutant emissions, emission sources, gas purification plants.

For citation: Kochnov Y.M., Menzelintseva N.V., Sukhov V.V. Development of proposals for updating Rules of operation of gas purification plants // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 47–66.

Abstract: This article presents the results of a comparative research of the regulation of industrial waste management in Russia and Belarus, carried out on the basis of normative-functional analysis. The revealed terminological differentiation between the concepts applied in the given field is traced in the reporting forms approved by the authorised statistical offices. Besides, the tools for achieving high efficiency of the industrial waste management system are considered.

Keywords: comparative analysis, production waste, reporting forms, conceptual apparatus, waste inventory.

For citation: Chuprova Y.N. Comparative legal analysis of regulation in the field of industrial waste management: Russia and Belarus // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 67–82.

Abstract: The article presents the results of assessing compliance with the requirements of federal legislation of regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation related to the delegation of certain powers of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental expertise for the period 2024. The analysis uses the reporting materials of the subjects of the Russian Federation submitted to the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation in connection with the requirements of the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation No. 273 of 30.10.2008.

Keywords: state environmental expertise (SEE), regulatory legal acts (NLA).

For citation: Shmykova E.V., Shamshin A.A., Gordeev V.B. Results of evaluation of regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the issues of delegated powers of the Russian Federation in the field of state environmental expertise for their compliance with federal legislation for 2024 // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 83–92.

Abstract: The article presents the results of the analysis of seasonal changes in the abundance and daily activity of ungulates: sika deer, wild boar and roe deer. The data were obtained as a result of camera trap monitoring at a survey site located in the national park “Land of the Leopard”. From 2015 to 2021, 20,383 trap-days were recorded at 10 stations equipped with camera traps, resulting in 12,136 records of sika deer, 118 records of roe deer and 1,916 records of wild boar. Changes occurring in populations throughout the year are reflected in seasonal dynamics of abundance. All three species are predominantly active during daylight hours. In winter, the hours of activity shift toward daylight hours. To assess seasonal changes in roe deer abundance, it is necessary to use data from cameras located in open habitats.

Keywords: sika deer, roe deer, wild boar, camera traps, daily activity, Land of the Leopard National Park.

For citation: Petrov T.A., Maksimova D.A. Monitoring of seasonal and daily activity of ungulates in the «Land of the Leopard» National Park // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 93–105.

Abstract: Illegal trafficking in gratuitously seized and confiscated CITES objects remains highly relevant both at the global and national (interstate) levels, in spite of the CITES Convention. The illegal trafficking in endangered species of animals and plants is second only to drug trafficking and the illegal arms trade. The main purpose of the Convention is anti-poaching and combating illegal trade in rare natural objects, as well as organizing effective control over customs operations with animals and plants. The article summarizes information on gratuitously seized or confiscated wild animals and plants, their parts or derivatives, based on the results of 2023–2025. During this period, the Scientific Agency issued 172 conclusions at the request of the CITES Administrative Body, mainly in response to requests from the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, and fewer from the central and southern Russian regions. The main origins of illegal “live” products — exotic animals — imported into Russia are Africa (33.4%), Southeast Asia (22.3%), South America (16.7%) and North America (11.1%). Among parts and derivatives of CITES objects, madreporic polyps (corals) predominate, mainly arriving through tourist flows from coastal destinations of the World Ocean. Live birds (falcons to Arab countries), animal and plant parts and derivatives (fangs, claws, paws, bear glands, musk, Mongolian oak and Manchurian ash timber, ginseng roots to East Asian countries) are smuggled out of Russia. Alternative measures for handling confiscated objects are proposed, including the use of animals that died during trafficking (falcons) for museum taxidermy collections, and plant parts and derivatives for domestic timber and pharmaceutical industries.

Keywords: Scientific Agency CITES, All-Russian Research Institute “Ecology”, illegal trafficking in rare and endangered species of flora and fauna, gratuitously seized or confiscated live specimens, parts, derivatives, recycling of CITES objects.

For citation: Alekseeva A. A., Yelayev E. N., Mokrov A. A. CITES scientific agency of Russia in the field of trafficking gratuitously seized or confiscated wild animals and plants, their parts or derivatives subject to the Convention // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 106–127.

Abstract: The paper presents the conclusions of international experts on the first global assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Global trends in changes in the types of nature's contribution to human well-being are noted. The global impact of anthropogenic factors on all types of ecosystems and species diversity is estimated. The factors of reducing the global diversity of domesticated plants and animals are listed and measures for the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable development are identified.

Keywords: first global assessment, ecosystem services, biodiversity, nature's contribution to human well-being, environmental protection measures.

For citation: Butovsky R.O. First Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (Part 1) // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 128–140.

Abstract: The paper indicates the relevance of the study of forest shifts occurring in modern forests. A brief description of forest shifts or forest successions that form the basis of the modern forest formation process taking place in the developed territories is given. Examples of scientific assessment of forest dynamics in different regions of the Russian Federation are given. The array of taxable descriptions of stands compiled by the forestry department is suitable for compiling dynamic or succession series. Based on the results of the generalization of forest management materials, dynamic series of the growth course of common pine crops growing in a number of forestry districts of the Republic of Tatarstan have been compiled. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of using the typical characteristics of stands for the arrangement of dynamic or successional rows during the study of recovery-age shifts in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan and other regions. The use of an array of forest management descriptions of stands allows us to achieve a mathematically accurate and specific result.

Keywords: forest succession, indigenous forests, derived forests, growth course, stands.

For citation: Glushko S.G. Modeling of succession series in the forest fund of the Republic of Tatarstan // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 141–148.

Abstract: Work on the study of the wintering grounds of the common crane Grus grus (L. 1758) in the floodplain of the Amu Darya River in the south of the Uzbekistan was carried out by different researchers from 2001 to 2021. The right-bank part of the Amu Darya River floodplain (Uzbekistan territory) with a length of about 145 km has an area of 320 km². A unique forage base and strict border guard regime ensure the attractiveness of this area from November to March for tens of thousands of Common Cranes, Geese and Ducks, as well as other waterbirds. In present cultivated fields located within a 30-kilometer zone to the west of Termez and in a small eastern section of the floodplain near the border with Tajikistan, rice and winter wheat are the main crops. Among natural forages, the Cyperus rotundus forms the basis of the winter diet of cranes and geese. Common cranes spend 3–3.5 months here. During wintering, cranes are characterized by correct daily movements to feed, rest and overnight. The average size of Common Crane flocks is 20–100 birds; large flocks of 500–1000 individuals are rare. Negative factors include predation by jackals, occasional extreme winter cold, illegal hunting and collisions with power lines. The behavioral feature of the species is unusual tolerance to human presence. Similar behavior is observed at wintering grounds of the Siberian Crane in India and Iran. In 2009–2011 an experiment was conducted in the Ecocenter "Jeyran" (Bukhara region, Uzbekistan) to assess the ability of Siberian Cranes to adapt to Uzbekistan wintering conditions. According to the results, the Amu Darya floodplain area within the grain-growing cluster of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan near Termez city is promising for creating an alternative wintering ground for Siberian Crane Grus leucogeranus (Pallas 1773) as part of the reintegration of Siberian Cranes bred in the Crane Breeding Center of the Oka State Nature Reserve (Russia).

Keywords: Siberian crane, Grus leucogeranus, wintering grounds, Grus grus, Amu Darya River, Uzbekistan.

For citation: Sorokin A.G., Shilina A.P., Markin Yu.M., Zamyatin D.O., Molchanov S.A., Mitropolsky M.G., Mardonova L.B., Soldatov V.A. Wintering ground of the common crane Grus grus (Gruidae, Gruiformes) in the south Uzbekistan and the prospects of its use as an alternative wintering ground for Siberian crane Grus leucogeranus (Gruidae, Gruiformes) // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 149–167.

Abstract: This article is devoted to methodological issues of research work on the topic of the state assignment of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation to the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNII Ekologiya for 2023–2025 "Comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of applied structures of bird protection devices for overhead power transmission lines and open switchgear substations in places of flight and nesting of rare bird species". The article shows the nature, geographical localization and extent of the negative impact of electric grid facilities on "power lines-vulnerable" birds, methodological aspects of assessing the biocompatibility (safety and effectiveness) of designs of bird protection devices operated at electric power facilities.

Keywords: ornithological safety, bird protection devices, electric grid facilities, power lines-vulnerable birds, field-bench and field tests.

For citation: Saltykov A.V., Ivanov A.P., Sorokin A.G. About methodological support evaluation of the effectiveness of bird protection devices for electric grid facilities // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 168–182.

Abstract: The article considers a methodical approach for determining the expediency of including land plots in federal protected areas, applied during the survey by employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "VNII Ekologiya" of sites for the expansion of the Sochi National Park in 2023–2024. For the separation, the criterion of the presence of natural or close to natural soil cover was used as the basis for the functioning of ecosystems, as well as the criterion of the presence of vegetation cover.

Keywords: Sochi National Park, materials of a comprehensive ecological survey, soil cover, vegetation cover, man-made surface formations.

For citation: Shamshin A.A., Matyukhin K.A., Gordeev V.B., Blagushin V.V., Kiseleva N.I. A methodical approach for determining the natural value of land plots for inclusion in protected areas of federal significance (using the example of the expansion of the Sochi National Park in 2023–2024) // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 183–192.

Abstract: The article presents the results of the analysis of the dynamics of the network of regional and local protected areas (PA) of Russia over the past 5–7 years. The source of information was the materials of the annual monitoring of the network of protected areas of the country, carried out by specialists of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Ecology" on the instructions of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia. The main trends in terms of changes in the number and area of these most important components of the ecological framework of the Russian Federation were identified.

Keywords: protected areas (PA) of regional and local level; network of PA of the country; federal district; region; area and number of PA.

For citation: Nazyrova R.I., Ochagov D.M. Features of the dynamics of the network of protected areas of regional and local level of the Russian Federation in recent years // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 193–203.

Abstract: The article considers the factors of influence of the industrial sector on the human resource potential of the regions of presence in the context of sustainable development. The paper considers the current challenges associated with the development of human resource potential of Russian regions, and analyzes the current trends to improve the efficiency of human resource utilization in the context of industrial modernization. The article provides an overview analysis including employment indicators, investment in human capital, and the level of professional training in the leading industrial regions of the country. The authors noted that the development of industry contributes to the creation of new jobs, stimulates investment in training and retraining of personnel, introduction of innovative technologies and formation of innovative environment. In turn, a high level of human resources ensures technological modernization of enterprises, increases their competitiveness and contributes to the long-term sustainability of the region. Statistical data confirm the existence of a close correlation between the level of industrial development and the quality of human resource potential. Special attention is paid to the factors that strengthen or weaken the influence of industry on human resources development, such as the level of technological modernization, the policy of regional authorities, infrastructural conditions and socio-economic situation. The paper formulates recommendations for improving the efficiency of regional human resources potential assessment and outlines promising areas for further research, including the use of systems for assessing regional human resources potential, the development of professional training systems and the creation of conditions for long-term human capital development.

Keywords: sustainable development, human resource potential, regional development, industry, innovative methods, socio-economic aspects, human resources landscape.

For citation: Lipina S.A., Akchurin R.I. Analysis of the industrial sector's impact on the development of human resources potential in the regions // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 204–213.

Abstract: Limited global oil reserves, the threat of global warming, energy security and economic development are forcing the world to seek new sustainable sources of alternative fuels at competitive prices. The development of technologies that make it possible to convert biomass raw materials into a wide range of effective and cost-effective fuels is one of the most suitable options for solving these problems, which requires joint and coordinated activities of biologists, engineers and chemists in this area.

Keywords: hydrocarbons, petrochemical products, biofuels, renewable energy sources.

For citation: Yangirova D.V., Egorov V.I., Vafin I.F., Gibadullin R.Z., Nurgalieva A.R. Production of hydrocarbons from renewable raw materials // Environment protection and nature reserve management. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 214–220.